The link between Tylenol and autism have sparked concern among expecting parents in North America. As acetaminophen (Tylenol) remains one of the most commonly used medications, questions about its safety during pregnancy have intensified. Although some studies suggest a possible link between prenatal Tylenol use and neurodevelopmental disorders, leading health authorities continue to recommend it as the safest option for pain and fever relief during pregnancy. This blog explores the evidence, expert opinions, and ongoing research to help clarify the debate.

Understanding the Debate Around Tylenol and Autism

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), autism rates have risen significantly in the past two decades. In 2000, 1 in 150 children were diagnosed with autism. By 2020, that number increased to 1 in 36. While improved screening and broader diagnostic criteria explain part of this rise, researchers continue to investigate environmental factors, including medications taken during pregnancy.

Several observational studies have examined acetaminophen use during pregnancy. For instance, a 2025 analysis from Mount Sinai and Harvard reviewed dozens of studies and found associations between frequent Tylenol use and increased risk of autism and ADHD. However, experts caution that association does not equal causation. Dr. Zeyan Liew, Associate Professor at Yale School of Public Health, stated, “We do not know yet for sure whether Tylenol causes autism”. He emphasized that other factors, such as genetics and underlying maternal health conditions, may influence outcomes.

Despite these findings, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains that acetaminophen remains the safest over-the-counter pain reliever for pregnant women. In a recent statement, FDA Commissioner Dr. Marty Makary noted, “Even with this body of evidence, the choice still belongs with parents”. He advised using the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration.

What the Experts Say About Tylenol and Autism

Health professionals continue to support Tylenol use during pregnancy, especially when treating fever or pain. Dr. Steven Fleischman, President of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, stated, “Suggestions that acetaminophen use in pregnancy causes autism are not only highly concerning to clinicians but also irresponsible”. He stressed that untreated fever can pose serious risks, including miscarriage and birth defects.

Similarly, Dr. Salena Zanotti from Cleveland Clinic explained, “When you’re pregnant, it’s riskier to have an untreated fever than it is to take acetaminophen”. Other pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen are not recommended during pregnancy due to potential harm to fetal development. Therefore, Tylenol remains the preferred choice for many healthcare providers.

Although some studies show a link between Tylenol and autism, others do not. For example, a large Swedish study involving 2.5 million children found no connection between prenatal acetaminophen use and autism risk. This inconsistency highlights the need for more rigorous research. Until then, experts advise caution but not alarm.

Ongoing Research on Tylenol and Autism

The scientific community continues to explore the potential relationship between Tylenol and autism. In May 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services launched a $50 million Autism Data Science Initiative.

his project aims to investigate the causes of autism, including environmental exposures like medications.

Dr. Liew leads an international study examining six domains of neurodevelopment from early to late childhood. His team evaluates factors such as maternal health, other medications, and family history. This comprehensive approach may help clarify whether Tylenol plays a role in autism development.

Meanwhile, the FDA has begun updating acetaminophen product labels to reflect emerging concerns. The agency also sent letters to physicians advising them to prescribe acetaminophen only when medically necessary. These steps reflect a precautionary approach, not a definitive conclusion.

Tylenol’s manufacturer, Kenvue, strongly disagrees with claims linking their product to autism. In a public statement, the company said, “We believe independent, sound science clearly shows that taking acetaminophen does not cause autism”. They emphasized that over a decade of research supports the safety of their product.

Should Pregnant Women Avoid Tylenol?

Given the conflicting evidence, many pregnant women wonder whether to avoid Tylenol. Experts recommend using it only when needed and under medical supervision. For mild discomfort, non-medical remedies like rest, hydration, and cold compresses may help. However, when fever or significant pain occurs, acetaminophen remains the safest option.

Importantly, untreated fever during pregnancy can lead to serious complications. According to the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, risks include miscarriage, premature birth, and high blood pressure. Therefore, avoiding Tylenol entirely may not be wise.

Instead, doctors advise a balanced approach. Use the lowest effective dose, limit duration, and consult your healthcare provider. This strategy minimizes potential risks while ensuring maternal and fetal health.

The debate over Tylenol and autism continues to evolve. While some studies suggest a possible link, others do not. Leading health organizations, including the FDA and CDC, still recommend acetaminophen as the safest pain reliever during pregnancy. Experts urge caution but not panic.

Expecting parents should stay informed and consult their doctors before making decisions. As research progresses, clearer answers may emerge. Until then, moderation and medical guidance remain key. Tylenol and autism will likely remain a topic of interest. But for now, the evidence does not support a direct causal link.